Earth Federation

The Earth Federation was the unified global government that ruled over Earth and its space colonies in the Universal Century. Formed in response to global crises including overpopulation, famine, and resource scarcity, the Federation initiated an ambitious space colonisation programme. However, its policies often favoured Earth-born elites, leading to tensions with space colonists that erupted into multiple conflicts throughout its history.

The Earth Federation’s establishment marked a significant turning point in human history, as it represented the first truly global government. Its formation was driven by the need to address planet-wide issues that individual nations had failed to resolve. The Federation’s reach extended beyond Earth, encompassing the orbital space colonies and eventually expanding to the Moon and other celestial bodies within the Solar System.

Despite its lofty goals of unifying humanity and solving global problems, the Earth Federation was often criticised for its centralised power structure and perceived favouritism towards Earth-born citizens. These tensions would ultimately contribute to numerous conflicts and rebellions, shaping the political landscape of the Universal Century.

History

Founding and early years

The Earth Federation was established in the late 21st century AD as a response to a series of global crises that threatened human civilisation. These crises included severe overpopulation, widespread famine, outbreaks of diseases resistant to known treatments, and wars fought over dwindling resources. The formation of the Federation marked a paradigm shift in global politics, as individual nations agreed to cede their sovereignty to a single, overarching government in recognition that these challenges could only be addressed through unified global action.

The inauguration of the Federation’s charter marked the beginning of the Universal Century calendar, symbolising a new era for humanity. However, this momentous occasion was marred by a terrorist attack on Laplace, a space station constructed to serve as the official residence of the Earth Federation Prime Minister. The attack resulted in the death of the first elected prime minister, Ricardo Marcenas, and led to the suppression of the original Universal Century Charter. This act of suppression, while initially seen as necessary for stability, would set the stage for future tensions between Earth and its colonies.

Space Colonisation Plan

To address Earth’s pressing environmental and population issues, the Federation initiated the ambitious Space Colonisation Plan. This project involved the construction of massive orbital habitats based on the designs of Gerard K. O’Neill, located at the Earth-Lunar Lagrangian Points. These colonies, referred to as Bunches, were organised into administrative sectors known as Sides. The plan also included the launch of Solar Power Station Satellites to provide clean energy to Earth and the Jupiter Energy Fleet to collect helium-3, hydrogen, and methane from Jupiter’s upper atmosphere.

While the Space Colonisation Plan was successful in relocating a significant portion of Earth’s population to space, it also exacerbated existing social inequalities. Wealthy and influential individuals largely remained on Earth, while the majority of the population was moved to the space colonies. This disparity contributed to a growing perception of the Earth Federation as an Earth-Born Elite, comfortable on Earth while ordinary citizens were forced to adapt to life in space.

Growing tensions with colonies

As the space colonies developed their own distinct cultures and identities, tensions began to rise between the Earth-based Federation government and the colonial populations. The Federation’s policies often favored Earth’s interests over those of the colonies, leading to resentment and calls for greater autonomy or even independence among spacenoids.

The most significant challenge came from Side 3, which declared independence as the Republic of Zeon in UC 0058. Following the death of its founder, Zeon Zum Deikum, the Republic was transformed into the Principality of Zeon under the leadership of the Zabi family, who initiated a rapid militarisation of the nation. This growing militarisation, coupled with the Principality’s ideology of spacenoid superiority, set the stage for the conflict that would become known as the One Year War.

One Year War

Main article: One Year War

Outbreak of hostilities

The tensions between the Earth Federation and the Principality of Zeon erupted into open conflict on 3 January 3 UC 0079, marking the beginning of the One Year War. The conflict began with a devastating surprise attack by Zeon forces on the Federation’s space colonies and fleets. The initial week of the war, later known as the One Week Battle, saw unprecedented casualties, with an estimated 3 billion deaths due to colony drops, nuclear weapons, and poison gas attacks.

Zeon’s use of mobile suits, particularly the MS-06 Zaku II, gave them a significant tactical advantage over the Federation’s conventional forces. This technological gap allowed Zeon to quickly gain control of approximately 70% of Earth’s surface in the early stages of the war.

Sydney colony drop

In a shocking display of destructive power, Zeon forces initiated Operation British, dropping a depopulated colony on Earth. While the Federation managed to divert the colony from its intended target of Jaburo, their headquarters in South America, it instead struck Sydney, Australia. The impact caused catastrophic damage and loss of life, shocking the Federation leadership and the global population.

The Sydney colony drop highlighted the devastating potential of colony drops as weapons of mass destruction and served as a grim reminder of the high stakes of the conflict. This event would have long-lasting repercussions on both the conduct of the war and the post-war political landscape.

Battle of Loum

The Earth Federation intercepted a Zeon fleet preparing for another colony drop near Side 5 Loum. The Battle of Loum was one of the largest space engagements of the war and resulted in significant losses for both sides.

Despite the Federation’s efforts, the battle ended in a strategic victory for Zeon. The engagement demonstrated Zeon’s superiority in mobile suit combat and space warfare tactics. It also saw the rise of Char Aznable, the Red Comet, whose exceptional piloting skills would make him a legendary figure in the conflict.

Antarctic Treaty

The massive loss of life in the opening weeks of the war led to the signing of the Antarctic Treaty on 31 January UC 0079. This agreement between the Federation and Zeon banned the use of nuclear, biological, and chemical weapons, as well as colony drops. The treaty marked a shift towards more conventional warfare, primarily centred around mobile suit combat.

While the Antarctic Treaty helped to prevent further mass casualties on the scale seen in the war’s opening stages, it did little to address the underlying tensions between Earth and the space colonies. The conflict would continue to rage on, with both sides seeking technological and strategic advantages within the new constraints of the treaty.

Project V

Recognising the need to counter Zeon’s mobile suit advantage, the Federation accelerated its mobile suit development program, codenamed Project V. This initiative led to the creation of the RX-75 Guntank, RX-77 Guncannon, and most importantly, the RX-78-2 Gundam. These new mobile suits, especially the Gundam, proved to be technological marvels that could match and even surpass Zeon’s machines.

The development of Project V marked a turning point in the war, allowing the Federation to begin closing the technological gap with Zeon. The Gundam, in particular, would become a symbol of the Federation’s resurgence and play a crucial role in many key battles throughout the remainder of the conflict.

Battle of Odessa

The Earth Federation Forces launched a massive offensive to recapture the Zeon-held mining facilities in Odessa, which were crucial for supplying the Principality of Zeon with minerals and resources for their war effort. The major engagement took place in Eastern Europe from 7 November to 9 November UC 0079 and marked a significant turning point in the One Year War

The battle saw the debut of the Earth Federation’s new mobile suits from Project V in large-scale ground combat. These new units, particularly the Gundam piloted by Amuro Ray, played a crucial role in the Federation’s strategy. Their performance, combined with the Federation’s superior numbers and the element of surprise, led to a decisive victory.

The Battle of Odessa remains one of the most studied engagements of the One Year War, both for its strategic importance and for the lessons it provided in mobile suit warfare tactics.

The Federation’s victory at Odessa was a major strategic success. It cut off Zeon’s primary source of minerals on Earth, severely hampering their ability to produce mobile suits and other war materials. Moreover, it marked the beginning of a series of Federation victories that would gradually push Zeon forces off the planet.

The success at Odessa was followed by a broader offensive, often referred to as Operation Odessa, which liberated much of Europe and Asia from Zeon control. This shift in momentum on Earth allowed the Federation to begin focusing more resources on space operations, setting the stage for the later stages of the war.

Battle of Solomon

As the tide turned on Earth, the conflict increasingly shifted to space. The Federation, buoyed by its successes with Project V, launched an ambitious plan to take the fight to Zeon’s home territory. This culminated in Operation Star One, a massive space offensive aimed at capturing the Zeon space fortress Solomon.

The Battle of Solomon in December UC 0079 was a decisive engagement. Led by the White Base and other Pegasus-class ships, the Earth Federation Space Force launched a massive assault on the asteroid fortress. The capture of Solomon dealt a severe blow to Zeon’s military capabilities and morale, paving the way for the final push towards victory.

Defeat of the Principality

The final major battle of the war took place at the Zeon fortress A Baoa Qu. This massive space fortress, Zeon’s last line of defence, was the site of a fierce engagement. Federation forces, including the now-famous White Base and its mobile suit team, fought their way through Zeon’s formidable defences.

The battle was marked by fierce fighting and significant losses on both sides. The tide turned decisively with the death of Zeon’s leader, Gihren Zabi, killed by his own sister Kycilia Zabi in an internal power struggle. This event, coupled with the relentless Federation assault, led to the collapse of organised Zeon resistance and the subsequent surrender of Zeon forces, bringing an end to the One Year War.

Post-War period

Treaty of Granada

The Earth Federation emerged victorious, but at an enormous cost. Billions had died, vast swathes of Earth were devastated, and the political landscape of the Earth Sphere was forever altered.

The One Year War officially ended on 1 January, UC 0080, with the signing of the Treaty of Granada. This treaty formalised the surrender of the Principality of Zeon and set the terms for the post-war order. Under its provisions, the Principality was dissolved, and the Republic of Zeon was re-established under Federation oversight.

The Treaty of Granada also addressed the issue of war crimes committed during the conflict, establishing tribunals to prosecute those responsible for atrocities such as the colony drops. However, the implementation of justice would prove challenging, with many Zeon officials and soldiers evading capture or receiving lenient sentences due to political considerations.

While Zeon was defeated, the ideals of Zeon independence lived on among many spacenoids. The Federation faced the task of rebuilding Earth, reintegrating the Sides, and maintaining peace in a post-war environment fraught with lingering tensions.

Formation of Titans

In UC 0083, a group of Zeon remnants carried out Operation Stardust, dropping a colony on North America and causing massive damage. In response to this threat, the Federation established the Titans, an elite counter-insurgency force.

Initially viewed as necessary for security, the Titans quickly became notorious for their brutal and oppressive methods, particularly against space colonists. Their heavy-handed tactics and disregard for civil liberties would eventually lead to widespread resentment and resistance, setting the stage for future conflicts.

Formation of AEUG

The situation reached a breaking point in UC 0085 when the Titans used poison gas to suppress a civilian protest in a Side 1 colony, resulting in the deaths of the entire colony’s population. This atrocity led to the formation of the Anti-Earth Union Group (AEUG), a resistance movement comprised of dissident Earth Federation officers, colonial separatists, and former Zeon soldiers.

The AEUG aimed to reform the corrupt Earth Federation government and stop the Titans’ oppressive actions. Their formation marked a significant shift in the political landscape, as they represented a broad coalition of interests united against the excesses of the Titans and the failures of the Federation government.

Gryps Conflict

Main article: Gryps Conflict

Operation Exodus

The Gryps Conflict officially began in UC 0087 when the AEUG launched Operation Exodus, a surprise attack on the Earth Federation’s Green Noa 1 colony at Side 7. During this operation, the AEUG stole three prototype RX-178 Gundam Mk-II units, dealing a significant blow to the Titans’ prestige and technological advantage.

Operation Exodus demonstrated the AEUG’s capabilities and resolve, catching the Titans off guard and exposing vulnerabilities in their defences. The success of this operation galvanised support for the AEUG and marked the beginning of a full-scale rebellion against the Titans.

Operation Apollo

As the civil war escalated, battles spread to Earth, with the AEUG scoring a significant victory in Hong Kong, demonstrating their ability to challenge the Titans on their home turf. The Titans retaliated with Operation Apollo, a major offensive aimed at destroying the AEUG’s main fleet.

Although initially successful, Operation Apollo ultimately failed to deliver a decisive blow to the AEUG. The operation’s failure highlighted the Titans’ strategic shortcomings and further eroded their support within the Earth Federation government.

Battle for the Gryps II laser

The final stages of the war centred around the Gate of Zedan, formerly the Zeon space fortress Solomon, and control of the Gryps II colony laser, a powerful weapon capable of destroying entire fleets. Both the AEUG and the Titans sought to gain control of this devastating weapon to turn the tide of the war in their favour.

The battle for the Gryps II laser was further complicated by the intervention of Axis Zeon, a group of Zeon remnants who had returned from asteroid Axis to take advantage of the ongoing civil war between the AEUG and the Titans.

After Axis Zeon entered the Earth Sphere in January UC 0088 and positioned themselves as a potential third power in the ongoing conflict. Both the AEUG and the Titans attempted to court Axis Zeon as an ally, recognising the military power they bring. Axis Zeon’s forces forms a temporary alliance alongside the AEUG in several key battles against the Titans in the Battle of Gryps II.

Meanwhile, Zeon leader Haman Karn begun secret negotiations with the Titans, offering assistance in exchange for concessions that would benefit Axis Zeon’s long-term goals. Axis Zeon withdrew support from the AEUG at critical moments, undermining their efforts and creating confusion on the battlefield.

First Neo Zeon War

Main article: First Neo Zeon War

Alliance broken

Axis Zeon solidified a temporary alliance with the Titans in mid-March UC 0088 and broke its alliance with the AEUG. Despite this, Axis Zeon did not commit fully to the Titan’s cause. During the final confrontation at Gryps II, Axis Zeon ultimately betrayed the Titans by turning on them in the midst of the battle.

In the three-way battle, the Gryps II laser was fired at the Titans’ headquarters, the Gate of Zedan, destroying it and dealing a fatal blow to the Titans’ military strength and ended the Gryps Conflict.

Haman declared the formation of Neo Zeon. Taking advantage of the Earth Federation’s weakened state following the Gryps Conflict, Neo Zeon launched an aggressive campaign to establish dominance in space and on Earth.

The Earth Federation, still reeling from its internal conflict with the Titans, found itself ill-prepared to face this new threat. Many of its military assets had been depleted, and its political structure was in disarray. As a result, the Federation initially struggled to mount an effective resistance against Neo Zeon’s advance.

Invasion of Earth

Neo Zeon’s strategy involved a two-pronged attack on both space colonies and Earth. Their Earth invasion began with a series of colony drops, causing massive destruction and chaos. These attacks were followed by large-scale landings of Neo Zeon forces, quickly establishing control over significant portions of the planet.

The Federation’s response was hampered by political infighting and the lingering effects of the Titans’ oppressive rule, which had eroded public trust in the government. This allowed Neo Zeon to make rapid initial gains.

Loss of Dakar

In a bold move that demonstrated their military prowess, Neo Zeon forces launched a swift operation to capture Dakar, the capital city of the Earth Federation. The loss of Dakar sent shockwaves through the Federation government and highlighted the genuine threat posed by Neo Zeon.

The capture of Dakar was a significant propaganda victory for Neo Zeon, undermining the Federation’s authority and boosting support for the Neo Zeon cause among dissatisfied spacenoids. It also forced the Federation to confront the reality that their control over Earth was far more tenuous than they had believed.

Dublin Colony Drop

One of the most devastating events of the First Neo Zeon War was the Dublin colony drop. Neo Zeon forces initiated a colony drop on Dublin, Ireland, resulting in massive civilian casualties and widespread destruction. This act of mass destruction echoed the horrors of the One Year War and served as a grim reminder of the devastating potential of colony drops as weapons.

The Dublin colony drop was a turning point in the conflict, galvanising public opinion against Neo Zeon and spurring the Federation to more decisive action. The event also highlighted the ethical divisions within Neo Zeon, as some members began to question the morality of their cause in the wake of such widespread civilian casualties.

Battle of Dakar

In response to the Dublin colony drop and the loss of their capital, the Earth Federation launched a major counteroffensive to retake Dakar. This battle saw the deployment of the Gundam Team, led by Judau Ashta in the MSZ-010 ΖΖ Gundam, alongside Federation forces.

The Battle of Dakar was a hard-fought engagement that ultimately resulted in a Federation victory. The recapture of their capital city provided a much-needed morale boost to the Federation and marked the beginning of a shift in momentum against Neo Zeon on Earth.

Neo Zeon Civil War

As the war progressed, internal divisions began to emerge within Neo Zeon. A power struggle erupted between Haman Karn and Glemy Toto, who claimed to be a clone of https://mechabay.com/gihren-zabi/. This internal conflict split Neo Zeon’s forces, weakening their overall military strength and strategic cohesion.

The Neo Zeon Civil War provided an opportunity for the Earth Federation and its allies to take advantage of their enemy’s divided state. As Neo Zeon forces turned against each other, the Federation was able to regroup and launch counteroffensives, gradually turning the tide of the war in their favour.

First Battle of Axis

The First Neo Zeon War culminated in the First Battle of Axis, a massive space engagement centred around the asteroid base Axis. This battle saw the combined forces of the Earth Federation and the AEUG facing off against the fractured Neo Zeon fleet.

The battle was marked by fierce fighting and significant losses on all sides. In the chaos of the engagement, both Haman Karn and Glemy Toto were killed, effectively decapitating the Neo Zeon leadership. With their leaders gone and their forces in disarray, the remaining Neo Zeon troops were forced to surrender, bringing an end to the First Neo Zeon War.

Aftermath

Following the Battle of Axis and the deaths of their leaders, the remaining Neo Zeon forces surrendered to the Earth Federation. This marked the official end of the First Neo Zeon War and the collapse of Haman Karn’s Neo Zeon movement.

The surrender of Neo Zeon brought a temporary respite to the Earth Sphere, but the conflict had exacted a heavy toll. Both the Earth Federation and the space colonies were left to grapple with the aftermath of another devastating war, including widespread destruction, loss of life, and lingering political tensions.

Second Neo Zeon War

Main article: Second Neo Zeon War

Return of the Red Comet

The Second Neo Zeon War, also known as Char’s Rebellion, began in UC 0093 with the surprising return of Char Aznable, the famous Red Comet of the One Year War. Char, who had been missing since the end of the First Neo Zeon War, quickly gathered support among spacenoids and remnants of the previous Neo Zeon forces.

Char’s return and his advocating for an independent space nation and the complete migration of humanity into space galvanised Zeon sympathisers, reigniting the dream of spacenoid independence. His charisma and legendary status as a mobile suit pilot made him a powerful figurehead for the Neo Zeon cause, posing a significant threat to the Earth Federation’s authority.

Sweetwater Colony Incident

The conflict began in earnest with the Sweetwater Colony Incident. Char’s Neo Zeon forces attacked and captured the Sweetwater space colony in UC 0092, using it as a base of operations and a symbol of their resistance against the Earth Federation. Sweetwater was a relatively new space colony located at Side 4, known for its peaceful atmosphere and emerging economic importance.

Char’s Neo Zeon forces began their operation by secretly infiltrating the colony over several months. They posed as immigrants and workers, gradually building up their numbers and gathering intelligence on the colony’s defences and infrastructure.

The actual takeover was swift and precisely executed. In a coordinated strike, Neo Zeon sleeper agents activated throughout the colony, quickly seizing control of key facilities including the spaceport, power plants, and government buildings. The colony’s minimal defence force was overwhelmed before they could mount an effective resistance.

Once in control, Char Aznable made a public broadcast from Sweetwater, declaring the colony’s independence from the Earth Federation. He used this platform to announce the reformation of Neo Zeon and to call for all spacenoids to join his cause for independence from Earth’s influence. This bold move signalled Char’s intentions and demonstrated the strength of his newly formed movement.

Luna II Siege

Following the Sweetwater incident, Char’s forces launched a surprise attack on Luna II, the Earth Federation’s primary space fortress. The siege of Luna II was a protracted engagement that tied up significant Federation resources and highlighted the strategic acumen of Char’s Neo Zeon.

While the Federation eventually broke the siege, the extended battle allowed Neo Zeon to make gains elsewhere and demonstrated the vulnerability of even the Federation’s most fortified positions.

Fifth Luna Incident

Char’s forces successfully hijacked the Fifth Luna asteroid and used mass drivers to propel massive chunks of the asteroid towards Earth. One of these chunks struck Lhasa, Tibet, the location of the Federation’s Earth headquarters, causing massive destruction and numerous casualties.

The Fifth Luna Incident served as a wake-up call for the Federation, forcing them to mobilise their full military might against Char’s Neo Zeon. It also highlighted the devastating potential of Char’s plan to drop Axis onto Earth, adding urgency to the Federation’s efforts to stop him.
Negotiations and Betrayal

In a surprising turn of events, the Earth Federation attempted to negotiate with Char’s Neo Zeon, even going so far as to offer them the asteroid Axis for colonisation. These negotiations, however, proved to be a ruse on Char’s part. He used the talks as a distraction while preparing to implement his true plan: dropping Axis onto Earth to render it uninhabitable and force humanity into space.
The betrayal of these negotiations marked a point of no return in the conflict, setting the stage for the final, desperate battle to save Earth.

Second Battle of Axis

The conflict reached its climax with the Second Battle of Axis. As Char initiated his plan to drop Axis onto Earth, the Earth Federation launched a massive offensive to stop him. The battle saw the deployment of the Federation’s most advanced mobile suits, including the RX-93 ν Gundam piloted by Amuro Ray, Char’s long-time rival.

The battle was characterised by intense mobile suit combat and the race against time to prevent Axis from falling to Earth. It also featured the dramatic confrontation between Char and Amuro, their rivalry reaching its ultimate conclusion.

Axis Shock

As Federation forces desperately tried to prevent Axis from falling to Earth, Amuro Ray used his ν Gundam to push against the asteroid. This act, amplified by the psychic resonance of Newtypes, became known as the Axis Shock. It successfully diverted the asteroid, saving Earth from destruction.

The Axis Shock also represented a powerful manifestation of Newtype potential, hinting at possibilities for human evolution and understanding that transcended the conflict. Both Char and Amuro were lost in this final confrontation, marking the end of an era in the Universal Century.

Aftermath

With Char defeated and presumed dead, and the threat of Axis neutralised, the Second Neo Zeon War came to an end. The Federation had survived its greatest crisis yet, but at a terrible cost, including the loss of Amuro Ray and numerous other lives.

The defeat of Char’s Neo Zeon marked the end of an era, closing the chapter on the most prominent figures of the One Year War. However, the underlying tensions between Earth and space remained unresolved, setting the stage for future conflicts.

Laplace Conflict

Main article: Laplace Conflict

Vist Foundation’s Decision

The Laplace Conflict, also known as the Third Neo Zeon War or the Unicorn Incident, began in UC 0096, three years after Char’s Rebellion.

The conflict was set in motion by the decision of Cardeas Vist, head of the influential Vist Foundation, to hand over Laplace’s Box—a secret tied to the Earth Federation’s foundation—to the Neo Zeon remnants known as The Sleeves. This decision was motivated by Cardeas’ belief that the time had come for humanity to confront the truth hidden within the box.

The Vist Foundation’s action drew the attention of various factions, including the Earth Federation Forces, their elite Londo Bell unit, and the Neo Zeon remnants, all seeking to claim or protect Laplace’s Box.

The Earth Federation, upon learning of this plan, mobilised its forces to prevent the Box from falling into the hands of those who might use it to topple the Federation government. This led to a three-way struggle between the Federation, Neo Zeon, and those seeking to uncover the truth behind Laplace’s Box.

Industrial 7 Incident

The conflict began in earnest with an incident at the Industrial 7 colony. Industrial 7 was a space colony at Side 4, known for its industrial capacity and as the headquarters of Anaheim Electronics.

Cardeas Vist, head of the Vist Foundation, had arranged a meeting with Sleeves leader Full Frontal, known as The Second Coming of Char, aboard the colony, intending to hand overthe RX-0 Unicorn Gundam.

Banagher Links, a student at Anaheim Technical School on Industrial 7, became inadvertently involved when he encountered Audrey Burne, who was trying to stop the handover of Laplace’s Box, believing it would lead to further conflict.

As tensions escalated, the Sleeves launched an attack on Industrial 7 to seize Laplace’s Box by force. This attack caught both the colony’s inhabitants and the Earth Federation Forces off guard, resulting in significant damage to the colony.

Amidst the chaos, Banagher encountered Cardeas Vist. In a surprising turn of events, Cardeas decided to entrusted Banagher with the Unicorn Gundam and the responsibility it carried. Cardeas revealed himself to be Banagher’s father and briefly explained the significance of the Unicorn Gundam and its connection to Laplace’s Box.

Awakening of Unicorn Gundam

As Sleeve forces breached the hangar, Cardeas urged Banagher to board the Unicorn Gundam. As Banagher’s anxiety and determination peaked, the Unicorn’s psycho-frame began to resonate with his latent Newtype abilities.

The strong emotional and psychic resonance triggered the NT-D (Newtype Destroyer) System. The Unicorn Gundam began its transformation from Unicorn Mode to Destroy Mode. Its armor plates shifted and expanded, revealing the glowing psycho-frame underneath.

Newly awakened, the Unicorn Gundam engaged the Sleeve’s MS-06F Zaku II and AMX-009 Dreissen units that had entered the hangar. Despite his lack of formal pilot training, Banagher found himself able to control the Unicorn with surprising skill, a testament to the Gundam’s advanced interface and his own latent abilities.

Using the Unicorn’s superior capabilities, Banagher successfully drove back the Sleeve forces, preventing further damage to the colony. The awakening of the Unicorn set the La+ Program in motion, beginning the quest to unlock the secrets of Laplace’s Box.

Battle of Palau

A significant engagement of the conflict occurred at the asteroid Palau, a stronghold of the Sleeves. Earth Federation Forces, including the Londo Bell unit, launched an assault on Palau in an attempt to capture the Unicorn Gundam and potentially uncover the secret of Laplace’s Box.

The battle resulted in the destruction of Palau and forced the Neo Zeon forces to retreat. However, it also demonstrated the resolve of the Sleeves and the tactical acumen of Full Frontal.

Torrington Attack

One of the most shocking events of the conflict was the attack on Torrington Base in Australia. Zeon remnants, emboldened by the actions of the Sleeves, launched an assault on the Earth Federation base using mobile suits from the One Year War era.

This attack served as a stark reminder of the lingering resentments from previous conflicts and the potential for renewed large-scale warfare. It also highlighted the Earth Federation’s ongoing struggles to maintain peace and security in the Universal Century.

Revelation at Magallanica

The climax of the conflict occurred at Magallanica, a massive space station at Side 3. It was here that the true nature of Laplace’s Box was revealed: the original Universal Century Charter, which included an article recognising the potential of Newtypes and granting them legal and political rights.

This revelation had far-reaching implications for the political structure of the Earth Sphere, challenging the very foundations of the Earth Federation’s authority and legitimacy.

Activation of the Neo Zeong

In a final bid to seize control of Laplace’s Box, Full Frontal deployed the powerful NZ-999 Neo Zeong mobile armor. This massive weapon represented the pinnacle of Neo Zeon technology and posed a significant threat to the Earth Federation forces.

The battle against the Neo Zeong pushed the Unicorn Gundam and Banagher Links to their limits, culminating in a psychic confrontation that transcended the physical battlefield.

Resolution and Aftermath

The conflict was ultimately resolved through the actions of Banagher Links and the crew of the Nahel Argama. The contents of Laplace’s Box were broadcast throughout the Earth Sphere, forcing both the Earth Federation and the Neo Zeon remnants to confront the truths that had been hidden for nearly a century.

The revelation of the complete Universal Century Charter led to calls for major reforms within the Earth Federation and a new understanding between Earth and space colonies. However, implementing these changes proved to be a complex and contentious process, with various factions interpreting the charter’s implications differently.

The Laplace Conflict marked a turning point in Universal Century history, challenging long-held assumptions and potentially setting the stage for a new era of human understanding and cooperation. However, it also demonstrated that the underlying tensions between Earth and space, and the question of humanity’s future evolution, remained unresolved.

In the aftermath, the Federation faced the challenge of reforming its policies and structure to address the issues raised by the original charter. This included a reevaluation of Newtype rights and the relationship between Earth and the space colonies.

Mafty Uprising

Main article: Mafty Uprising

The Mafty Uprising of UC 0105 marked a turning point in the Federation’s post-Laplace era. Led by Hathaway Noa, son of the renowned Bright Noa, the Mafty movement emerged as a formidable terrorist organization with a clear agenda: to accelerate Earth’s Universal Century plan through the assassination of high-ranking Federation officials. Their first major action, the assassination of Federation Minister Kenneth Sleg, sent shockwaves through the government and exposed its vulnerabilities.

Adelaide Incident

Mafty targeted Sibyl Deikun, a high-ranking Federation official visiting Adelaide, Australia. The assassination attempt threw the city into chaos and led to a fierce urban battle between Mafty forces and Federation defenders.

As the battle unfolded, significant portions of Adelaide’s central business district were damaged or destroyed. The Federation deployed its latest mobile suits, including the RX-104FF Penelope, to counter Mafty’s RX-105 Ξ Gundam. The ensuing combat showcased the devastating potential of modern mobile suit warfare in an urban environment, with both sides causing extensive collateral damage.

Battle of Davao

Following the Adelaide Incident, the conflict between Mafty and the Earth Federation reached new heights with the Battle of Davao. This engagement, taking place in and around Davao City on the Philippine island of Mindanao, was one of the largest and most destructive battles of the Mafty Uprising.

The battle began when Mafty forces launched a surprise attack on the Federation’s South Pacific headquarters located near Davao. Using a combination of mobile suits and conventional forces, Mafty sought to destroy a key Federation command and control center. The Federation, still reeling from the Adelaide Incident, was caught off guard but quickly mobilised a massive counterattack.

What followed was a protracted battle that lasted several days and spread from the initial target to engulf much of Davao City and its surrounding areas. The fighting was characterised by intense mobile suit duels, with both sides deploying their most advanced units. The Xi Gundam, piloted by Hathaway Noa himself, played a central role in the Mafty offensive, while the Federation relied heavily on its new Penelope and Gustav Karl units.

The Battle of Davao resulted in catastrophic civilian casualties and widespread destruction of infrastructure. Entire districts of Davao City were levelled, and the ecological damage to the surrounding region was severe. The scale of destruction shocked the public and further eroded confidence in the Federation’s governance.

Uprising suppressed

In the aftermath of the Davao Battle, the Federation intensified its efforts to hunt down and eliminate Mafty. The conflict’s escalation to this level of violence marked a point of no return for both sides. For the Federation, it represented a failure to contain what had begun as a limited insurgency. For Mafty, it demonstrated both their military capabilities and the extreme measures they were willing to take in pursuit of their goals.

Although the Federation eventually suppressed the Mafty Uprising, capturing and executing Hathaway Noa, the movement’s actions had far-reaching consequences. They highlighted the growing discontent with Federation policies and the failure to address longstanding issues between Earth and the space colonies. The uprising served as a stark reminder that the peace following the Laplace Conflict was fragile, and that deep-seated resentments continued to simmer beneath the surface.

Rise of Cosmo Babylonia

Formation of Cosmo Babylonia

As the Federation struggled to recover from the Mafty Uprising, a new challenge emerged in the late UC 0120s with the rise of Cosmo Babylonia. This aristocratic movement sought to establish a new nation free from Earth Federation control, representing a different kind of threat to the established order. Unlike previous rebellions rooted in populist sentiments, Cosmo Babylonia appealed to notions of nobility and superior governance.

Cosmo Babylonia formed under the leadership of the aristocratic Ronah family. The nation quickly gained prominence due to its advanced mobile suit technology and the charismatic leadership of Meitzer Ronah, who assumed the title of Kaiser.

The military arm of Cosmo Babylonia, known as the Crossbone Vanguard, posed a significant threat to the Federation’s authority. Their advanced mobile suits and naval fleet challenged the Federation’s military supremacy in space, exposing the technological stagnation that had set in after years of relative peace. The Crossbone Vanguard’s successes in several key engagements forced the Federation to confront its own military inadequacies and the changing nature of warfare in space.

Crossbone Vanguard Incursions

The Federation initially underestimated the threat posed by Cosmo Babylonia, viewing it as yet another separatist movement. However, tensions escalated rapidly as Cosmo Babylonia began to expand its influence and military might. The Federation found itself struggling to counter the technologically superior Babylonian mobile suits, particularly the formidable Bug series.

The Crossbone Vanguard, launched several successful operations against Federation outposts and colonies. These raids highlighted the Federation’s waning power and inability to protect its territories effectively. The most notable of these was the invasion of Frontier I, which dealt a significant blow to Federation prestige.

Political Turmoil

The rise of Cosmo Babylonia exposed deep-seated corruption and inefficiency within the Earth Federation government. Many citizens, particularly spacenoids, began to view Cosmo Babylonia as a potentially better alternative to Federation rule. This shift in public opinion further weakened the Federation’s position.

Faced with this growing threat, the Earth Federation struggled to mount an effective response. Its forces, which had grown complacent in the years following the Gryps Conflict and Neo Zeon Wars, were ill-prepared for the tactical and technological prowess of the Crossbone Vanguard. The Federation was forced to rely heavily on its few remaining ace pilots and experimental mobile suits to counter Babylonian aggression.

Zanscare War

Main article: Zanscare War

Rise of the Zanscare Empire

In UC 0149, a new threat emerged in Side 2 with the formation of the Zanscare Empire. Founded by Maria Pure Armonia, who was believed to have supernatural powers, the empire quickly gained support from disillusioned colonists. The Zanscare Empire’s ideology, which blended autocracy with a form of matriarchal rule, appealed to many who were frustrated with the Federation’s corruption and ineffectiveness.

Outbreak of Hostilities

The war officially began in UC 0153 when the Zanscare Empire launched its invasion of Earth, catching the weakened Earth Federation off guard. The Zanscare forces, equipped with their innovative Mobile Suits like the Zoloat and Gedlav, proved to be formidable opponents for the Federation’s outdated military.

League Militaire and BESPA

As the Earth Federation struggled to mount an effective defence, a civilian volunteer organisation known as the League Militaire emerged to resist the Zanscare invasion. The League Militaire, though small, managed to secure several key victories against the Zanscare forces, particularly with their advanced LM312V04 Victory Gundam.

Meanwhile, the Zanscare Empire’s military arm, Ballistic Equipment Space Patrol Academy (BESPA), continued to push their advantage with increasingly powerful mobile suits and the massive space battleship, the Motorad Fleet.

Angel Halo Incident

The conflict reached its climax with the Angel Halo incident in UC 0154. The Zanscare Empire attempted to use the massive psycommu device Angel Halo to incapacitate the people of Earth, effectively trying to end the war through mass mind control. This desperate move highlighted the extreme measures the Zanscare Empire was willing to take to achieve victory.

The war concluded in UC 0154 with the destruction of the Angel Halo and the defeat of the Zanscare Empire. However, the victory came at a great cost, with significant casualties on both sides and extensive damage to Earth and space colonies.

Aftermath

The Zanscare War further exposed the Earth Federation’s weaknesses and its inability to maintain peace and stability in the Earth Sphere. The conflict left the Federation in an even more precarious position, with its authority and legitimacy questioned more than ever before.

Perhaps most telling was the Federation’s increasing reliance on autonomous resistance groups like the League Militaire to counter the Zanscare threat. This dependence on non-government organizations to fight its battles was a clear sign of the Federation’s diminished capabilities and fracturing authority. The war not only exposed the Federation’s military weaknesses but also further eroded public confidence in its leadership, setting the stage for the final acts of its decline.

Collapse of the Federation

Final Attempts to Reassert Control

In its twilight years, the Earth Federation made desperate attempts to reassert its control over the Sides. These efforts often involved military force, as the Federation tried to suppress independence movements and maintain its authority over the space colonies. However, these heavy-handed tactics frequently backfired, further alienating the colonial populations and galvanising opposition to Federation rule.

Alongside military operations, the Federation attempted various political reforms and concessions to appease the colonies. However, these measures were often perceived as inadequate and insincere by spacenoids who had endured generations of Earth-centric policies. The longstanding grievances and desire for independence among colonial populations had grown too strong to be assuaged by what many viewed as token gestures.

In a bid to maintain military superiority, the Federation invested heavily in new mobile suit technologies and weapons systems. This arms race, however, further strained its already depleted resources and exacerbated tensions with the colonies. The focus on military solutions at the expense of addressing underlying political and social issues ultimately proved to be a critical miscalculation, hastening the Federation’s decline rather than reversing it.

General Rebellion of the Sides

The Federation’s increasingly desperate and heavy-handed attempts to maintain control ultimately sparked a general rebellion among the Sides. Space colonies across the Earth Sphere rose up against Federation authority, declaring their independence and rejecting Earth’s rule. This widespread uprising marked the final unraveling of the Earth Federation’s power structure.

The rebellion was characterised by an unprecedented level of cooperation among the Sides. Several colonies formed a coalition, pooling their resources and military capabilities to resist Federation control more effectively. This united front presented a challenge that the weakened Federation was ill-equipped to handle, especially as it faced dissent and support for the rebellion even among some Earth-based populations and officials.

As the rebellion gained momentum, it became clear that the era of centralised Earth-based rule was coming to an end. The Federation found itself unable to contain the wave of independence movements sweeping through the colonies, its authority challenged on multiple fronts and its military stretched beyond its limits.

Dissolution and Aftermath

The Earth Federation officially collapsed in UC 0218, bringing an end to over 200 years of centralised Earth-based rule. The dissolution of the Federation led to a period of political fragmentation, with individual Sides and regions declaring independence or forming new alliances. This marked a paradigm shift in human governance and society, as the era of Earth’s dominance over space came to a definitive close.

The collapse created a power vacuum in the Earth Sphere, with various factions vying for control and influence. Remnants of the Federation, newly independent colonies, and emerging power blocs all sought to shape the new order that would emerge from the ashes of the old system. While this period brought greater autonomy to the space colonies, it also led to instability as various factions adjusted to the new reality of a decentralised Earth Sphere.

The legacy of the Earth Federation, both its achievements and failures, continued to shape human society long after its collapse. The ideals of unity and progress that had driven its formation remained influential, even as new forms of governance and social organization emerged to address the challenges of life in space. The fall of the Federation represented the end of an era in Universal Century history, closing the chapter on a government that had overseen humanity’s expansion into space but ultimately failed to adapt to the changing realities of the spacefaring civilisation it had helped create.

Legacy

Despite its eventual collapse, the Earth Federation played a crucial role in shaping the Universal Century era. Its space colonisation efforts laid the groundwork for humanity’s expansion into space, while its conflicts with various opposing factions drove technological advancements, particularly in mobile suit development. The Federation’s history of centralised power and Earth-centric policies also influenced the political landscape that followed its dissolution, with many space colonies asserting their independence and forming new power structures in the wake of the Federation’s collapse.

The Earth Federation’s legacy is complex and multifaceted. On one hand, it oversaw a period of unprecedented technological advancement and human expansion into space. The space colonies it constructed became home to billions and represented a new frontier for human civilisation. The Federation’s scientific achievements, from the development of Minovsky physics to the creation of increasingly advanced mobile suits, laid the groundwork for many of the technologies that would define the Universal Century.

On the other hand, the Federation’s history is marred by conflict, oppression, and ultimately, failure. Its inability to address the grievances of space colonists led to numerous wars and rebellions, causing immense suffering and loss of life. The Federation’s collapse left a power vacuum that would be filled by various competing factions, leading to further conflicts in the post-Federation era.

Perhaps the most enduring aspect of the Earth Federation’s legacy is the debate it sparked about the nature of governance in an era of space colonisation. The challenges faced by the Federation – balancing the interests of Earth and space, maintaining authority over vast distances, and adapting

Organisation

Government

The Earth Federation operated as a global government, uniting the planet Earth and its space colonies under a single political entity. At its head was the Earth Federation Prime Minister, who served as both head of state and head of government. The Prime Minister was elected by the Earth Federation Assembly, a legislative body composed of representatives from Earth and the space colonies.

The Federation’s legislative body, the Earth Federation Assembly, was initially located in Dakar. However, after multiple attacks on Dakar during various conflicts, the capital and key government functions were gradually moved to the Moon and space colonies after U.C. 0100.

The relocation of the capital to the Moon after U.C. 0100 was a significant development, seen by many as an attempt to bridge the divide between Earth and space. However, this move also reflected the increasing vulnerability of Earth-based installations to attack, as demonstrated by the destruction of Lhasa in U.C. 0093.

The structure of the Earth Federation government was designed to provide representation for both Earth and the space colonies. However, in practice, power often remained concentrated in the hands of Earth-born elites. The Earth Federation Assembly, while ostensibly representative of all Federation territories, was frequently criticised for favouring Earth’s interests over those of the colonies.

The highest decision-making body in the government is the Supreme Executive Council that has a total of 30 members: the Chairman, four General Affairs assemblymen, and twenty-five chairperson.

However, as the Universal Century progressed, the government became increasingly centralised and, at times, authoritarian in its dealings with space colonies and dissenting factions.

The Earth Federation flag featured Earth surrounded by eight triangles, representing the seven Sides and the lunar cities, on a green background. This symbolism was meant to represent the unity of Earth and space under Federation rule, although the reality often fell short of this ideal.

Administration and bureaucracy

The Earth Federation’s administration was notoriously complex and bureaucratic, a factor that often hindered its efficiency and responsiveness to crises. The central government was based in Lhasa, Tibet, following the environmental degradation of previous capitals.
Key administrative bodies included:

• Earth Federation Assembly: The primary legislative body, responsible for creating and passing laws.
• Ministry of Defence: Oversaw the Earth Federation Forces and was responsible for military strategy and defence policies.
• Ministry of Colonial Affairs: Managed relations with and administration of space colonies.
• Ministry of Earth: Handled domestic affairs on Earth, including resource management and environmental policies.
• Federal Law Enforcement: Maintained law and order across Federation territories.

As the Universal Century progressed, the bureaucracy became increasingly bloated and corrupt, contributing to growing dissatisfaction among citizens, particularly in the space colonies.

Under the Earth Federation, individual countries on Earth ceased to exist as political entities. The planet’s surface was divided into eleven primary administrative regions:

1. North America
2. South America
3. Western Europe
4. Eastern Europe
5. Eurasia
6. South Asia
7. East Asia
8. Middle East
9. North Africa
10. Sub-Saharan Africa
11. Oceania

This division was intended to streamline governance and resource allocation. However, it also led to the erosion of local identities and sometimes resulted in conflicts over resource distribution and political representation within these broad regions.

Military

Main article: Earth Federation Forces

The Earth Federation Forces (EFF) served as the military arm of the Federation. It was divided into four main branches:

• Earth Federation Ground Force (EFGF): Responsible for land-based operations on Earth.
• Earth Federation Navy (EFN): Managed sea-based operations and some space operations.
• Earth Federation Air Force (EFAF): Handled atmospheric and some low-orbit operations.
• Earth Federation Space Force (EFSF): The primary space-based military branch, which gained prominence with the advent of space colonisation.

The Earth Federation’s armed forces were organised under the Earth Federation Forces (EFF). The EFF was divided into four branches: the Ground Force, the Naval Force, the Air Force, and the Space Force. This structure allowed the Federation to maintain a presence in all theatres of operation, from the depths of the oceans to the furthest space colonies.

The Space Force, in particular, grew in importance as humanity expanded into space. It was responsible for defending the space colonies, maintaining order in Earth orbit, and projecting the Federation’s power throughout the Earth Sphere. As conflicts increasingly took place in space, the Space Force often found itself at the forefront of the Federation’s military operations.

Key military installations included:

• Jaburo: The EFF’s central command base, located underground in the Amazon region, until UC 0087. Jaburo’s location deep in the Amazon rainforest provided natural protection, making it a formidable fortress. However, its eventual fall to Zeon forces during the One Year War marked a significant turning point.
• Luna II: The Earth Federation Space Forces headquarters. This asteroid base served as the primary staging area for the Federation’s space operations and played a crucial role in many conflicts.
• Lhasa: The EFF headquarters from UC 0092 until its destruction in UC 0093. The move to Lhasa represented an attempt to decentralise the Federation’s military command, but ultimately proved vulnerable to attack.
• Cheyenne Base: A facility in Colorado that hosted the control system for the Gryps II colony laser by UC 0096. The presence of such a powerful weapon on Earth demonstrated the Federation’s commitment to maintaining military superiority, but also highlighted the increasing militarisation of the Earth Sphere.

The Federation also maintained a military academy in Nijmegen, though this was largely for show. The real training of elite pilots and officers often took place in more secure, less public facilities.

The EFF was initially equipped with conventional weapons but rapidly developed mobile suit technology following the One Year War. Notable units included the RGM series of mass-produced mobile suits and the Pegasus-class assault carriers.

Despite its technological advancements, the EFF often struggled with issues of corruption, internal politics, and the mismanagement of resources, which hampered its effectiveness in later conflicts.

Ideology

The Earth Federation’s core ideology centred on unity and the progression of humanity into space. Key tenets included:

• Global Unity: The belief in a unified Earth government to prevent global conflicts and manage resources efficiently.
• Space Colonisation: Viewing space development and colonisation as crucial for humanity’s future and survival.
• Earthnoid Supremacy: An unofficial but prevalent belief in the superiority of Earth-born humans over space-born colonists, which led to discriminatory policies and tensions with spacenoids.
• Technological Progress: A focus on advancing technology, particularly in areas of space development and military applications.

As the Universal Century progressed, the Federation’s ideology became increasingly criticised for its Earth-centric views and failure to address the grievances of space colonies, leading to numerous conflicts and rebellions.

Economy

The Earth Federation’s economy underwent significant transformations throughout the Universal Century, reflecting the challenges and opportunities presented by humanity’s expansion into space. From its initial focus on funding the ambitious space colonisation programme to managing an interplanetary economy, the Federation’s economic policies and structures played a crucial role in shaping the political and social landscape of the era.

Early Universal Century

In the early years of the Universal Century, the Earth Federation embarked on an ambitious economic restructuring to support its space colonisation goals. The government centralised control over global resources and industries, directing vast amounts of capital towards the development of space infrastructure. This period saw unprecedented investment in cutting-edge technologies and manufacturing capabilities necessary for constructing and maintaining space colonies.

The shift towards a space-focused economy led to the rapid development of new industries. Companies specialising in space construction, life support systems, and zero-gravity manufacturing processes flourished under Federation contracts. Traditional Earth-based industries were also transformed, with many retooling to support the space programme. This economic shift, while generating tremendous growth and technological advancement, also led to significant changes in global employment patterns and resource allocation.

However, the massive investment in space development came at a cost. Many Earth-based social programmes and infrastructure projects saw reduced funding, leading to growing disparities between those benefiting directly from the space economy and those left behind. This tension between Earth’s needs and space development ambitions would become a recurring theme in Federation economic policy.

Space Colony Development

As space colonisation progressed, the Federation’s economy became increasingly reliant on off-world industries. The space colonies, initially a massive investment, began to pay dividends as they became centres of manufacturing and resource processing. The unique conditions of space allowed for the development of new materials and production methods impossible on Earth, spurring further economic growth and innovation.

One of the most significant economic developments of this period was the establishment of Helium-3 mining operations on the Moon and asteroids. This new energy source promised to revolutionise power generation, driving further economic expansion both on Earth and in space. The creation of the Jupiter Energy Fleet to harvest Helium-3 from the gas giant represented a major economic undertaking, demonstrating the Federation’s commitment to expanding humanity’s resource base.

The economic boom brought about by space development, however, was not without its challenges. The logistics of managing an economy spanning Earth, multiple space colonies, and resource extraction operations across the solar system proved complex. The Federation struggled to create equitable economic policies that balanced the interests of Earth and the colonies, a failure that would have far-reaching consequences.

Earth-Space Economic Divide

Despite the overall prosperity brought about by space development, economic disparities between Earth and the colonies grew increasingly pronounced. The Federation maintained tight control over high-level economic decision-making, often to the detriment of colonial interests. Many colonies found themselves treated as little more than resource extraction points and manufacturing hubs, with limited economic autonomy.

This economic inequality manifested in various ways. While the colonies boasted cutting-edge technology and infrastructure, they often lacked the economic diversity of Earth. Colonial economies were frequently overly specialised, making them vulnerable to market fluctuations. Meanwhile, Earth retained control over key financial institutions and markets, allowing it to dictate economic terms to the colonies.

The growing resentment over this economic imbalance became a major source of tension between Earth and the colonies. Many colonists felt exploited, their labour and resources flowing to Earth while receiving little in return. This economic discord laid the groundwork for political movements advocating for colonial independence, ultimately contributing to conflicts like the One Year War.

Wartime Economy

The numerous conflicts that punctuated the Universal Century had profound effects on the Federation’s economy. The One Year War, in particular, necessitated a rapid shift to a wartime economy, with vast resources diverted to military production. The mobile suit arms race led to the rise of new corporate giants like Anaheim Electronics, which came to wield significant economic and political influence.

Post-war reconstruction efforts placed enormous strain on the Federation’s economy. The devastation wrought on Earth required massive investment in rebuilding infrastructure and restoring the environment. Meanwhile, the Federation also faced the costly task of rebuilding and expanding its military capabilities in the wake of the Zeon threat. These competing demands led to difficult economic trade-offs and contributed to ongoing political tensions.

The cycles of conflict and reconstruction that characterised much of the Universal Century had long-lasting economic impacts. Military spending remained high even in times of relative peace, often at the expense of civilian sectors and social programmes. The arms industry, especially mobile suit production, became a dominant and influential sector of the economy, shaping Federation policies in ways that sometimes conflicted with broader economic interests.

Late Universal Century

In the later stages of the Universal Century, the Federation’s economy showed increasing signs of strain. Decades of prioritising military spending and space development over addressing underlying economic inequalities had led to deep-seated structural issues. Corruption and mismanagement within the bloated Federation bureaucracy further exacerbated these problems, leading to economic inefficiencies and growing public dissatisfaction.

The emergence of rival economic powers posed additional challenges to the Federation’s economic dominance. Corporations like Anaheim Electronics had grown so large and influential that they often operated beyond the effective control of the Federation government. These entities, with their vast economic resources and advanced technologies, sometimes pursued agendas that conflicted with official Federation policies.

Attempts at economic reform were frequently hampered by bureaucratic inertia and entrenched interests. The Federation’s ability to adapt to changing economic realities was increasingly called into question, as new challenges emerged from independently-minded colonies and Earth-based reform movements. As the Universal Century drew to a close, the need for comprehensive economic restructuring became increasingly apparent, though the Federation’s capacity to implement such changes remained uncertain.

Science and technology

The Earth Federation’s scientific and technological advancements were the driving force behind humanity’s expansion into space and shaped the course of the Universal Century. From the ambitious space colonisation projects to the development of revolutionary energy sources and military technologies, the Federation’s contributions were vast and far-reaching.

Space Colonisation Technology

The Federation’s crowning achievement in the early Universal Century was the successful development and implementation of space colony technology. The massive O’Neill cylinder-type colonies, each capable of supporting millions of inhabitants, represented a triumph of engineering and human ingenuity. These colossal structures, rotating to create artificial gravity, were marvels of self-contained ecosystems, complete with advanced life support systems that could sustain closed environments indefinitely.

To support these space colonies, the Federation pioneered numerous ancillary technologies. They developed sophisticated resource recycling systems, efficient solar power collection methods, and innovative agricultural techniques adapted for the unique conditions of space habitation. The creation of reliable space transportation systems, including large-scale cargo vessels and passenger liners, was crucial in establishing and maintaining these off-world communities.

The technologies developed for space colonisation had far-reaching implications beyond their immediate application. Advances in materials science, for instance, led to the creation of new alloys and composites that would later prove invaluable in mobile suit construction. Similarly, the life support systems designed for space colonies paved the way for advancements in environmental control technologies that would be applied to both civilian and military vessels.

Minovsky Physics

The discovery of Minovsky particles in UC 0065 by Dr Trenov Y. Minovsky, working under the auspices of the Earth Federation, heralded a new era in scientific understanding and technological capability. This breakthrough led to the development of the Minovsky fusion reactor, a compact and incredibly efficient power source that would revolutionise energy production across the Earth Sphere.

Minovsky reactors quickly became the standard power plant for Federation spacecraft and, later, mobile suits. Their high output-to-size ratio allowed for the creation of smaller, more manoeuvrable craft without sacrificing power. Additionally, the unique properties of Minovsky particles when scattered in the atmosphere or in space led to significant changes in combat doctrine, as they interfered with long-range communications and radar systems.

Perhaps the most significant offshoot of Minovsky physics was the development of I-field technology. These Minovsky particle barriers provided new defensive capabilities for both vehicles and structures, capable of deflecting beam weapons and offering a degree of protection previously thought impossible. The Federation’s research into I-field technology would continue throughout the Universal Century, leading to increasingly sophisticated applications in both military and civilian sectors.

Mobile Suit Technology

The Earth Federation’s advancements in mobile suit technology, particularly following the One Year War, were nothing short of revolutionary. The iconic RX-78-2 Gundam, developed in secret prior to the conflict, served as a testbed for numerous technologies that would define mobile suit development for decades to come. Its success spurred the Federation to invest heavily in mobile suit research and development.

Post-war, the Federation focused on mass-producing increasingly advanced general-purpose mobile suits. The RGM series, starting with the RGM-79 GM, became the backbone of the Earth Federation Forces. These units incorporated lessons learned from the Gundam, albeit in a simplified form suitable for wide-scale production. Over time, the RGM series saw numerous iterations, each more advanced than the last, reflecting the Federation’s commitment to maintaining technological superiority.

Specialised mobile suits also became a focus of Federation research. Units designed for specific environments or combat roles began to emerge, such as amphibious mobile suits for naval operations and high-mobility types for space warfare. The Federation also pioneered transformable mobile suit designs, creating units capable of shifting between mobile suit and atmospheric flight modes, greatly enhancing their versatility.

Newtype Technologies

The Federation’s research into Newtype abilities, while controversial, led to significant technological breakthroughs. The development of the psycommu (psycho-communicator) system allowed Newtype pilots to control mobile weapons directly with their thoughts, greatly enhancing their combat effectiveness. This technology saw continued refinement throughout the Universal Century, with the Federation at the forefront of many of these advancements.

Building on the psycommu system, Federation scientists later developed psycoframe technology. This revolutionary system involved the incorporation of psycho-responsive materials directly into the frame of a mobile suit, creating an unprecedented level of synchronisation between Newtype pilots and their machines. While the full implications of this technology were not immediately apparent, it would prove to have far-reaching consequences in later conflicts.

The Federation’s pursuit of Newtype technologies also extended into more ethically questionable areas. Experiments aimed at artificially creating or enhancing Newtype abilities were conducted in secret, though the full extent and results of these programmes remain classified. These research efforts, while morally ambiguous, reflected the Federation’s determination to exploit every possible avenue for maintaining its military and technological edge.

Society and Culture

The society of the Principality of Zeon was shaped by its spacenoid identity and the ideology promoted by the Zabi family. The population was imbued with a strong sense of national pride and a belief in their superiority over the Earth-born. This was reinforced through the education system, which emphasised the teachings of Zeon Zum Deikun and the leadership of the Zabi family.

Cultural life in Zeon was heavily influenced by state propaganda. The arts, media, and entertainment industries were all expected to support the state’s ideology and war effort. Despite this, there was a vibrant underground culture, particularly in music and literature, that sometimes subtly critiqued the regime.

The concept of Newtypes, individuals with enhanced mental awareness believed to be the next step in human evolution, played a significant role in Zeon society. The government invested heavily in research to identify and develop Newtype abilities, seeing them as potential super-soldiers who could turn the tide of the war.

Education in Zeon was highly standardised and controlled by the state. The curriculum emphasised scientific and technical subjects, preparing students for roles in the military or the industrial sector. Political indoctrination was also a key component of education, instilling loyalty to the state and the Zabi family from an early age.

The social structure of Zeon was hierarchical, with clear distinctions between the political elite, military officers, civilians, and any Earth-born residents. Social mobility was possible through military service or technological innovation, both of which were highly valued by the state.
Despite the authoritarian nature of the regime, there were pockets of resistance within Zeon society. Some citizens, particularly those who remembered the more democratic days of the Republic of Zeon, quietly opposed the Zabi family’s rule. However, open dissent was rare due to the harsh punishments meted out to those seen as traitors to the state.

Behind the scenes

Behind the Scenes

Conception and Creation

Yoshiyuki Tomino, the creator of Mobile Suit Gundam, conceived the Earth Federation as part of his vision for a realistic, politically complex future setting. Tomino wanted to move away from the simplistic “good vs. evil” narratives common in mecha anime of the time. Instead, he aimed to create a morally ambiguous world where even the ostensibly “good” government had deep-seated flaws and corruption.

Historical and Political Inspirations

The Earth Federation’s design drew inspiration from real-world political entities and historical events. The Federation’s relationship with its space colonies mirrored aspects of European colonialism and the American Revolution, providing a familiar historical context for the conflicts in the series. This grounding in real-world politics and history contributed significantly to the sense of realism that set Gundam apart from its contemporaries.

Visual Design and Aesthetics

In terms of visual design, the Earth Federation’s military aesthetics were heavily influenced by NATO and American military designs of the late 20th century. This was a deliberate choice to contrast with the more Germanic and authoritarian look of the Principality of Zeon. Art director Mitsuki Nakamura worked closely with Tomino to create a distinct visual identity for the Federation that would convey its nature as an established, bureaucratic power.

Narrative Evolution

The Federation’s role in the narrative evolved over the course of the franchise. In the original Mobile Suit Gundam, it was presented as the legitimate government fighting against a rebellious faction. However, subsequent series and OVAs gradually revealed more of the Federation’s darker aspects, reflecting Tomino’s interest in exploring the corrupting nature of power and the complexities of political systems.

Technological Timeline

One of the most significant behind-the-scenes developments was the creation of the Federation’s technological timeline. Mechanical designer Kunio Okawara worked with Tomino to create a plausible progression of mobile suit technology, from the early prototype Guntanks to the advanced Gundams. This attention to technological evolution became a hallmark of the Universal Century setting.

Musical Elements

The Earth Federation’s anthem, “Forever Earth Federation”, was composed by Takeo Watanabe for the original series. The anthem, with its militaristic tone, became an iconic piece of music in the Gundam franchise, often used to underscore the Federation’s power and presence.

Voice Acting and Character Portrayal

In terms of voice acting, the Federation’s key figures were brought to life by some of Japan’s most talented voice actors. Notably, Tōru Furuya, who voiced the protagonist Amuro Ray, also provided the voice for Bright Noa, one of the Federation’s most prominent officers, in the original series. This dual role highlighted the connection between the civilian protagonists and the military structure they were fighting for.

Impact on Anime and Science Fiction

The Earth Federation’s portrayal in the Gundam franchise has had a lasting impact on anime and science fiction. Its depiction of a flawed, bureaucratic future government influenced many subsequent works in the mecha and science fiction genres. The complexity of the Federation’s characterization has been cited by numerous creators as an inspiration for more nuanced portrayals of political entities in anime and manga.

Merchandising and Fan Culture

Over the years, the Earth Federation has been featured in numerous Gundam video games, model kits, and other merchandise. The designs of Federation mobile suits and ships have become iconic in their own right, with model kits of units like the RX-78-2 Gundam and GM series being perennial bestsellers.

Legacy and Continuing Influence

As the Gundam franchise continues to evolve, the Earth Federation remains a central element of the Universal Century timeline. Its legacy as a complex, morally ambiguous entity continues to provide rich storytelling opportunities, allowing new generations of creators to explore themes of power, corruption, and the human cost of progress through the lens of this influential fictional government.

Appearances

The Earth Federation has been a central element in numerous Gundam series, films, manga, novels, and games throughout the franchise’s history. Here’s a comprehensive list of its major appearances:

TV series

• Mobile Suit Gundam
• Mobile Suit Zeta Gundam
• Mobile Suit Gundam ZZ
• Mobile Suit Victory Gundam
• Mobile Suit Gundam Unicorn RE:0096

OVA (Original Video Animation) Series

• Mobile Suit Gundam 0080: War in the Pocket
• Mobile Suit Gundam 0083: Stardust Memory
• Mobile Suit Gundam: The 08th MS Team
• Mobile Suit Gundam Unicorn
• Mobile Suit Gundam Thunderbolt
• Mobile Suit Gundam: The Origin
• Mobile Suit Gundam Narrative

Films

• Mobile Suit Gundam (movie trilogy)
• Mobile Suit Gundam: Char’s Counterattack
• Mobile Suit Gundam F91
• Mobile Suit Gundam: Hathaway

Manga

• Mobile Suit Gundam: The Origin
• Mobile Suit Gundam Thunderbolt
• Mobile Suit Gundam: The Plot to Assassinate Gihren
• Advance of Zeta: The Flag of Titans
• Mobile Suit Gundam Silhouette Formula 91

Novels

• Mobile Suit Gundam: Hathaway’s Flash
• Gaia Gear
• Mobile Suit Gundam Unicorn
• Mobile Suit Gundam: Senjo no Merry Christmas

Video Games

• Mobile Suit Gundam: Journey to Jaburo
• Mobile Suit Gundam: Zeonic Front
• Mobile Suit Gundam: Federation vs. Zeon
• Mobile Suit Gundam: Encounters in Space
• Mobile Suit Gundam: Crossfire
• Dynasty Warriors: Gundam series
• Mobile Suit Gundam: Battle Operation series
• Mobile Suit Gundam: Extreme VS series

External links

• Earth Federation on the Gundam Wiki