United Earth Sphere Alliance

The United Earth Sphere Alliance (地球圏統一連合, Chikyū Ken Tōitsu Rengō), abbreviated UESA, was a coalition of most of Earth’s nations that governed the Earth Sphere from After Colony 133 to AC 195. Originally intended as a mutual defence pact that would bring peace to Earth and the space colonies, the Alliance devolved into an oppressive military confederation that extended an iron fist over its orbital colonies. The Alliance was overthrown in AC 195 by its own Special Mobile Suit unit—the Organization of the Zodiac (OZ)—which had been secretly controlled by the Romefeller Foundation.

Overview

The United Earth Sphere Alliance was established in AC 133 as a governing body for Earth and the space colonies. Initially conceived as a mutual defence pact, the Alliance was led by elected representatives from Earth’s nations and the colonies. Its creators intended that the Alliance would end the conflicts that had begun on Earth and spread to the colonies, creating lasting peace through unified governance.

However, not everyone agreed with Alliance policies, and conflicts continued. The Alliance responded to defiance with swift military retaliation, establishing peace through military occupation rather than genuine consensus. This approach created resentment, particularly amongst the space colonists who did not want to live under Earth-based jurisdiction. The peace that came to the Earth Sphere existed only under the watchful eye of the Alliance military—a peace enforced through intimidation and occupation rather than mutual agreement.

The Alliance’s leadership was gradually infiltrated by the Romefeller Foundation, a secretive organisation of European aristocrats that manipulated world affairs. Through this infiltration, the Foundation became the de facto rulers of the Earth Sphere, using the Alliance as a vehicle for their ambitions whilst maintaining the appearance of representative government.

History

Formation and early years

The United Earth Sphere Alliance was formed in AC 133 as a coalition intended to bring peace through unified governance. The Alliance established an Assembly of Representatives with elected members from Earth’s nations and the space colonies, creating the appearance of democratic governance across the Earth Sphere.

However, from its inception, the Alliance faced resistance. Not all nations or colonies agreed with Alliance policies, and these conflicts persisted despite the organisation’s stated goal of ending warfare. The Alliance’s response to defiance was swift military action, establishing a pattern of enforced compliance that would define its character throughout its existence.

Colonial resistance and military occupation

The space colonies resented living under Earth-based jurisdiction and formed a resistance organisation known as the Colonies Liberation Organization to gain independence. Before the movement could gain substantial support, the Alliance moved in militarily, beginning an occupation of the colonies and coercing colonial leaders to forfeit their independence.

Some colonies fought against the occupation, but this only gave the Alliance justification to make its military presence indefinite. The colonies were transformed into a police state, with Alliance forces crushing any nation or group that supported independence movements or advocated policies contrary to Alliance interests—particularly those promoting the total pacifism advocated by colonial leader Heero Yuy.

Assassination of Heero Yuy and Sanc Kingdom destruction

In AC 175, colonial leader Heero Yuy called for both disarmament and democracy, promoting total pacifism as the path to lasting peace. Yuy’s ideas resonated with colonists and Earth citizens alike, threatening the Romefeller Foundation’s militaristic agenda. The Foundation secretly arranged for Yuy’s assassination, using the Alliance as cover for this operation.

With Yuy’s death, colonists again called for defiance of the Alliance military occupation. The Alliance turned the colonies into an even more oppressive police state and crushed nations that continued to promote Yuy’s total pacifism ideology. The Sanc Kingdom, which had cultivated peaceful relations with the colonies and advocated pacifism, was invaded and conquered in AC 182, with the royal Peacecraft family slaughtered.

Romefeller infiltration and Noventa’s reforms

The Romefeller Foundation continued orchestrating Alliance policy to its benefit, using its military wing OZ (officially the Alliance’s Special Mobile Suit unit or “Specials”) to enforce Foundation interests. However, when Field Marshal Noventa became Supreme Commander of Allied Forces, he began calling for disarmament in the colonies, jeopardising the Foundation’s plans.

As a result, the Foundation used OZ to engineer Noventa’s death. They fed disinformation to Gundam pilot Heero Yuy (named after the assassinated politician), leading him to shoot down Noventa’s transport believing he was attacking an enemy target. Noventa’s death eliminated the last significant obstacle to Romefeller’s complete control of the Alliance.

OZ coup d’état and dissolution

In AC 195, OZ staged a coup d’état against the Alliance. OZ sleeper agents embedded throughout the Alliance military—the “Specials” operating as special and nearly independent mobile suit units—simultaneously destroyed Alliance bases and executed Alliance loyalists who refused to join OZ. The coordinated uprising defeated organized Alliance resistance within days.

Some Alliance soldiers refused to submit to OZ authority, including Sally Po, who led guerrilla resistance forces. However, these scattered resistance groups lacked the coordination and resources to seriously threaten OZ’s takeover. When OZ was eventually defeated by the combination of the Gundam pilots, the Treize Faction, and White Fang, the Earth Sphere Unified Nation was formed to replace the dysfunctional Alliance.

Organisation

Government structure

The Alliance was led by elected representatives from Earth’s nations and the space colonies, governing through an Assembly of Representatives. The Supreme Commander of Allied Forces served as both political leader and highest military officer, combining civilian and military authority in a single position.

This structure theoretically provided democratic representation, but in practice, the Romefeller Foundation’s infiltration of leadership positions meant that major policy decisions served Foundation interests rather than genuine democratic will.

Notable members

Field Marshal Noventa – Supreme Commander (assassinated AC 195)
General Septum – Commander of Space Force
General Ventei – Commander of Terrestrial Forces
Sally Po – Major, medical officer (defected)
Brigadier General Daigo Onegell – Led attack on Sanc Kingdom
Colonel Bundt – Staged coup in China
Major Nanaki – Officer under Colonel Bundt

Military

The military of the Alliance consisted of mobile suits, conventional forces, and space assets:

Mobile suits:

OZ-06MS Leo – Primary mobile suit
OZ-07AMS Aries – Aerial combat specialist
OZ-12SMS Taurus – Space combat unit
OZ-08MMS Cancer – Underwater unit
OZ-09MMS Pisces – Underwater unit

Conventional forces:

Advanced fighter jet aircraft
Navy with seemingly conventional vessels
Ground forces with tanks and artillery

Space forces:

Modified Leos and Taurus units
Missile satellites
Moon Base

The Organization of the Zodiac played a role as special forces within the Alliance Military, eventually comprising most of the large mobile suit force. This gave the Romefeller Foundation effective military control whilst maintaining the illusion of Alliance autonomy.

Appearances

The United Earth Sphere Alliance appeared in the following works:

Mobile Suit Gundam Wing (anime series, episodes 1-10)
New Mobile Report Gundam Wing: Frozen Teardrop (novel series)
Mobile Suit Gundam Wing: Episode Zero (manga)
Mobile Suit Gundam Wing Endless Waltz: Glory of the Losers (manga)
SD Gundam G Generation Cross Rays (video game)

External links

United Earth Sphere Alliance on the Gundam Wiki